Mooring observed mode-2 internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

The mode-2 internal solitary waves (ISWs) generated by mode-2 internal tide (IT) are identified by mooring observations in the northern South China Sea (SCS) from 2016 to 2017. Two mode-2 ISWs with a re-appearance period of 24.9 h observed on 29 and 30 July 2016 are characterized by type-b ISWs. They occurred when the isotherms compressed obviously in the vertical direction. Modal decomposition of IT horizontal currents shows that the vertical compression of the isotherms is mainly caused by diurnal mode-2 IT. The analysis of the role of the density stratification reveals that a deeper and thinner pycnocline is favorable for generation of mode-2 ISWs rather than pycnocline intensity. By comparing the mode-2 nonlinear, dispersion coefficients and the Ursell numbers calculated based on the stratification associated with different kinds of ITs with the observation results, it is shown that the diurnal mode-2 IT plays a crucial role in the generation of the mode-2 ISWs. When the diurnal mode-2 IT interacts with the semidiurnal IT and causes a deeper and thinner pycnocline, the mode-2 ISWs are easily excited.     

Indoor scene texturing based on single mobile phone images and 3D model fusion

Realistic texture mapping and coherent up-to-date rendering is one of the most important issues in indoor 3-D modelling. However, existing texturing approaches are usually performed manually during the modelling process, and cannot accommodate changes in indoor environments occurring after the model was created, resulting in out-dated and misleading texture rendering. In this study, a structured learning-based texture mapping method is proposed for automatic mapping a single still photo from a mobile phone onto an already-constructed indoor 3-D model. The up-to-date texture is captured using a smart phone, and the indoor structural layout is extracted by incorporating per-pixel segmentation in the FCN algorithm and the line constraints into a structured learning algorithm. This enables real-time texture mapping according to parts of the model, based on the structural layout. Furthermore, the rough camera pose is estimated by pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and map information to determine where to map the texture. The experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that our approach can achieve accurate fusion of 3-D triangular meshes with 2-D single images, achieving low-cost and automatic indoor texture updating. Based on this fusion approach, users can have a better experience in virtual indoor3-D applications.     

1961—2017年华北地区降水气候特征分析

基于华北地区1961—2017年的均一化降水数据，从降水量、降水强度、降水日数和降水量贡献率等方面揭示了华北地区降水的气候特征。结果表明：1961—2017年华北地区年降水量以3.2 mm/10a的速率减少，其主要原因是夏季降水的减少。空间上，降水量大值区的降水趋势变化呈减少特征；降水强度呈增大趋势，降水的时间分布更加集中；小雨、暴雨和大暴雨及以上量级降水日数和贡献率呈减小趋势，而中雨和大雨则有所增加；分析各等级降水对华北地区空间分布的贡献率，小雨事件对华北地区西部降水的贡献最主要，大雨、暴雨和大暴雨对华北东南部地区降水量的贡献最为主要，这进一步解释了小雨、暴雨和大暴雨及以上量级降水量的减少造成了华北地区西部和东南部地区降水总量的下降。华北地区降水气候特征研究可为区域气候变化以及暴雨、干旱等灾害应对提供科学支撑。     

Effects of vegetation coverage and seasonal change on soil microbial biomass and community structure in the dry-hot valley region

Soil microorganisms are sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. Understanding the effects of vegetation biomass and seasonal change on soil microorganisms is vital to evaluate the soil quality and implement vegetation restoration. This study analyzed the soil phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in fresh and withered Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) vegetation conditions in different seasons. The results showed that vegetation biomass and seasonal change significantly affected microbial biomass and its community structure. Both fresh and withered Kudzu cover significantly increased soil microbial biomass, and the growth effect of microbes in the soil with fresh Kudzu cover was more obvious than that with withered Kudzu cover. Compared with the dry season, the rainy season significantly increased the microbial biomass and the B/F (the ratio of bacterial to fungal PLFAs) ratio but dramatically reduced the G+/G- (the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria PLFAs). Kudzu cover and seasonal change had a significant effect on microbial structure in soil covered by higher vegetation biomass. Furthermore, soil temperature and moisture had different correlations with specific microbial biomass in the two seasons. Our findings highlight the effect of Kudzu vine cover on the soil microenvironment and soil microhabitat, enhancing the soil quality in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River, Southwest China.     

Characterization and constitutive modeling of red clay contaminated with ammonium carbonate

Conventionally, red clay is used for agricultural purposes in southern China. Fertilizers, especially urea, are commonly introduced into the red clay to improve the crop yields. However, due to the rapid urbanization in China, large areas of lands with red clays have been converted into sites for domestic and industrial constructions. Nevertheless, few researchers focused on the effect of urea on the strength and compressibility of red clay. In this research, the shear strength and compressibility of the red clay saturated by different concentrations of the (NH₄)₂CO₃ solution (urea's hydrolysates) were experimentally investigated using direct shear as well as oedometer tests, respectively. It was noticed that both the shear strength and stiffness of the red clay significantly decreased after exposure to the urea solution. In addition, the micromechanisms of the strength and compressibility of the red clay treated by the (NH₄)₂CO₃ were studied by the scanning electron microscope test and X-ray diffraction test. Based on the test results, a new model was developed to simulate the chemomechanical behavior of saturated clayey soil by modifying the Barcelona basic model (BBM) for unsaturated soils. The proposed model introduces four additional parameters, compared to the BBM, to account for the nonlinear shear strength behavior of the red clay. This model accounts for most of the complex features related to the strength and stiffness behavior of clayey soils. The parameter calibration procedures, by using the oedometer and direct shear test results, are also presented. To validate the proposed model, experimental results from the literature are considered in which illite clay samples were either mechanically or chemically or both mechanically and chemically loaded. Part of the experimental results is used to calibrate the model parameters and the other part along with the calibrated parameters is used to verify the proposed model. A comparison between experimental data and predicted results demonstrated that the proposed model is able to capture the main features related to the chemomechanical coupling behavior of saturated soils.     

不同趋势法的宁夏长时序植被变化分析

宁夏地处黄土高原，植被变化趋势直接影响其生态保护。本文应用2005—2015年的MODIS NDVI月合成产品，并采用最大合成法得到年NDVI数据，分别利用一元线性回归法和Sen+Mann-Kendall法对宁夏11年间植被变化趋势和空间差异进行研究分析。结果表明，在月际变化上，月NDVI均值呈高斯分布，7—9月是植被长势最好的阶段；在年际变化上，2005—2007年NDVI值明显增长，2008—2012年NDVI值呈稳定性增长，2013—2015年NDVI值有下降趋势；在变化趋势上，一元线性回归法与Sen+Mann-Kendall法得到的植被变化趋势基本一致，均表现为北部植被整体改善，但局部城区植被退化较为严重；中部地区轻微改善，局部存在明显改善；南部植被有明显改善且植被改善面积较大；通过差异性分析二者差异性仅为22.95%，且Sen+Mann-Kendall法能更好地监测轻微变化区域，变化趋势更加准确。     

海底多金属硫化物自然电位观测方式研究

利用海洋自然电位法可以探测海底多金属硫化物矿体的位置和轮廓。在调查过程中，可以进行水平观测和垂直观测，本文对这两种观测方式的探测效果进行数值模拟分析，结果表明垂直观测异常大，对矿体的横向分辨率高。但在进行垂直观测时，电极离底低，工作风险大。所以在实际调查过程中，需要根据需求选择合适的观测方式。另外，在实际测量过程中，电极对会偏离垂直方向和水平方向，将导致异常结果发生变化，因此在数据资料处理与解释过程中要注意。本文可以为海底多金属硫化物自然电位调查提供参考。     

近45年涠洲岛5次珊瑚热白化的海洋站SST指标变化趋势分析

根据涠洲岛珊瑚礁普查(Reef Check)历史资料和涠洲岛海洋站实测海表温度(SST)历史资料,采用对比分析与相关分析方法,分析1966―2010年该岛珊瑚热白化的SST指标变化特征,结果显示:1)涠洲岛珊瑚热白化的最热周平均SST值为31.6℃或最热日平均SST值为32℃;2)1966―2010年涠洲岛的逐年最热月月均SST、最热日日均SST、年极端最高SST及最热周平均SST呈准同步变化,彼此间的相关系数为0.71~0.89,4种珊瑚热白化SST指标没有显著上升趋势;3)最热月月均SST和最热周平均SST的变化趋势与全球变暖在统计上存在显著相关关系。     

洞庭湖区湿地恢复的生态补偿效应(英文)

Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost.Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China.Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake.Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake,the practical im...     

GPS高精度重复测量中的天线相位中心偏差检测及改正

首先通过GPS接收机在超短基线上检测数据计算天线相位中心偏差,然后对民乐跨断层综合观测场地2007~2008年的GPS点位速率进行校正。从计算结果可知,所用GPS天线相位中心偏差多在亚毫米级。对于距离在几千米的点位,由于各期观测所用天线的不同,使得相位中心的偏差对水平运动速率的影响多在亚毫米级;若各期观测所用天线相同,则影响多在10-2毫米量级。对高精度GPS观测来说,多期观测尽可能采用同一天线。